Zürich

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Tọa độ: 47°22′N 8°33′E

Zürich
Tỉnh Zürich
Quận Zürich
Tọa độ 

47°22′N 8°33′E

Dân số 366,809   (December 2005)
Diện tích 91.88 km²
Độ cao 408 m
Mã bưu điện 8000-8099
Thị trưởng Elmar Ledergerber
Website www.stzh.ch

Zürich (German: [ˈtsyːʁɪç], Zürich German: Züri [ˈtsyri], trong tiếng Anh thường là Zurich) là thành phố lớn nhất của Thụy Sỹ (dân số: 366,145 vào năm 2004; dân số vùng nội thành là: 1,091,732) và là thủ đô của bang Zürich. Dân số của toàn khu đô thị là vào khoảng 1.3 triệu. Thành phố là trung tâm thương mại và văn hóa chính của Thụy Sỹ (thủ đô chính trị là Bern), và được xem như là một trong những thành phố toàn cầu trên thế giới. Theo một điều tra vào năm 2006, đây là thành phố với chất lượng cuộc sống tốt nhất trên thế giới.[1]

Nguồn gốc của tên gọi có lẽ là tù tiếng Celtic Turus, một bằng chứng được tìm thấy trên một tấm bia mộ có niên đại từ thời bị chiếm đóng bởi La mã trong thế kỉ thứ 2; tên cổ của thành phố dưới dạng roman là Turicum.

Mục lục

[sửa] Địa lý

Hình:Zurich.jpg
Ảnh vệ tinh của trung tâm Zürich

Thành phố tọa lạc nơi mà sông Limmat rời hồ Zürich và được vây quanh bởi những đồi cây cối bao gồm Zürichberg và Uetliberg. Sông Sihl gặp Limmat tại điểm cuối của Platzspitz, biên giới với Bảo tàng Quốc gia Thụy Sỹ (Landesmuseum).

[sửa] Lịch sử

Xem chi tiết: Lịch sử Zürich
Toàn cảnh với nhà thờ Grossmünster.
Toàn cảnh với nhà thờ Grossmünster.

Vào thời đại Roman, Turicum là điểm thu thuế tại biên giới với Gallia Belgica (từ năm AD 90 Germania superior) và Raetia buôn bán hàng hóa trên dòng sông Limmat. Một lâu đài kiểu Carolingian, được xây trên địa điểm lâu đài Roman bởi cháu nội của Charlemagne, Louis the German, được nhắc đến năm 835 ("trong castro Turicino iuxta fluvium Lindemaci"). Louis cũng thành lập tu viện Fraumünster vào năm 853 cho con gái ông ta là Hildegard. Ông hiến tặng tu viện theo dòng Benedictine nhiều đất đai của Zürich, Uri, và khu rừng Albis, và cho tu viện quyền bất khả xâm phạm, đặt nó trực tiếp dưới quyền cai quản của ông ta.

Vào năm 1045, Vua Henry III cho phép tu viện quyền họp chợ, thu lộ phí, và đúc tiền xu, và do đó đã làm cho tu bà trưởng tu viện trở thành người cai quản thành phố.

 Murerplan vào năm 1576
Murerplan vào năm 1576

Zürich trở thành reichsunmittelbar vào năm 1218 với sự tuyệt tự của dòng chính trong gia đình Zähringer. Một tường thành được xây dựng vào những năm 1230, vây quanh 38 hecta. Hoàng đế Frederick II đã tấn phong tu viện trưởng của Fraumünster lên chức nữ công tước vào năm 1234. Nữ tu viện trưởng chỉ định thị trưởng, và bà thường xuyên giao việc đúc tiền cho công dân của thành phố. Tuy vậy, quyền lực chính trị của tu viện suy yếu dần đi trong thế kỉ 14, bắt đầu với sự thiết lập của Zunftordnung (luậtphường hội) vào năm 1336 bởi Rudolf Brun, cũng là người thị trưởng độc lập đầu tiên, nghĩa là không được chỉ định bởi bà tu viện trưởng.

Zürich tham gia liên bang Thụy Sỹ (vào thời gian đó là một liên bang lỏng lẻo de facto của các nước độc lập) như là thành viên thứ năm vào năm 1351. Zürich bị khai trừ khỏi liên bang vào năm 1440 do một cuộc chiến tranh với các nước thành viên khác vì vụ tranh chấp lãnh thổ Toggenburg (Chiến tranh Zürich cổ). Zürich bị đánh bại vào năm 1446, và được chấp nhận lại vào liên bang vào năm 1450.

Zwingli bắt đầu cải cách Thụy Sỹ vào thời gian ông là thầy tu chính ở Zürich. Ông sống nơi đó từ 1484 cho đến khi qua đời vào năm 1531.

Vào năm 1839, thành phố phải nhường cho những yêu cầu từ các đối tượng miền quê của nó, theo sau Züriputsch vào 6 tháng 9. Đa số các thành lũy xây từ thế kỉ thứ 17 bị kéo đổ, mặc dù chưa từng bị bao vây, để làm giảm bớt mối lo ngại về quyền bá chủ của thành phố từ các miền đồng quê. Hiệp ước Zurich giữa Austria, Pháp, và Sardinia được ký kết vào năm 1859. [2]

Từ năm 1847, Spanisch-Brötli-Bahn, đường sắt đầu tiên trên đất Thụy Sỹ, nối liền Zürich với Baden, đặt nhà ga chính Zürich tại điểm gốc của mạng lưới đường sắt Thụy Sỹ. Tòa nhà hiện tai Hauptbahnhof (nhà ga đường sắt chính) xây từ 1871.

[sửa] Huy hiệu của thành phố

Người cầm cờ thành Zürich, từ một búc tranh năm 1585 bởi Humbert Mareschet
Người cầm cờ thành Zürich, từ một búc tranh năm 1585 bởi Humbert Mareschet

Huy hiệu xanh và trắng của Zürich được thủ nghiệm vào năm 1389, và được vẽ từ các lá cờ xanh sọc trắng từ năm 1315. Bằng chứng chắc chắn về lá cờ với cùng kiểu đó có từ 1434. Huy hiệu được hộ tống hai bên bởi hai con sư tử. Cái Schwenkel màu đỏ trên lá cờ có nhiều cảnh diễn giải khác nhau: Đối với dân thành Zürich, đó là dấu ấn danh dự, được ban cho bởi Rudolph I. Những cư dân lân cận Zürich lại trêu chọc rằng đó là dấu hiệu nhục nhã, kỉ niệm thất bại của lá cờ tại Winterthur vào năm 1292. Ngày nay, bang Zürich sử dụng huy hiệu giống như của thành phố.

[sửa] Các thắng cảnh

View of the inner city with the four main churches visible, and the Albis in the backdrop
View of the inner city with the four main churches visible, and the Albis in the backdrop

[sửa] Nhà thờ

  • Grossmünster (great minster) (near Lake Zürich, in the old city), where Zwingli was pastor; first building around 820; declared by Charlemagne imperial church
  • Fraumünster (our lady's minster) first church built before 874; the Romanesque choir dates from 1250-70; Marc Chagall stained glass choir windows; (on the opposite side of the Limmat). During 2004 the Fraumünster was fully renovated. During this period the installed scaffolding went above the tip of the tower allowing a unique and exceptional 360° panoramic view of Zürich.
  • St. Peter (downstream from the Fraumünster, in the old city); with the largest clock face in Europe

[sửa] Bảo tàng

  • Museum Bärengasse, history of the city in the 18th century
  • Kunsthaus Zürich, one of the largest collections in Classic Modern Art in the world (Munch, Picasso, Braque, Giacometti, etc.) [1]
  • Museum Rietberg, Antique Asian Art [2]
  • Museum Bellerive, Museum for fashion, architecture and design [3], located in a villa on the beach of the lake
  • Kunsthalle Zürich [4]
  • Migros Museum, modern and avantgarde international Art. [5]
  • Museum of Design Zürich [6]
  • Swiss National Museum (Landesmuseum) [7], located in the Platzspitz park opposit the main station
  • Johann Jacobs Museum, history of colonial Fine Food and coffee [8]
  • Johanna Spyri Museum [9]
  • Haus Konstruktiv [10], constructive, concrete and conceptual art and design
  • NONAM North American Native Museum [11]
  • Museum of the History of Medicine

[sửa] Các thắng cảnh khác

View over Zürich from the Üetliberg
View over Zürich from the Üetliberg
Hình:Zueri waid.jpg
View over Zürich from the Waid
  • Lindenhof near St. Peter; site of the Roman and medieval castle. V
  • Guild houses along the river (downstream from the Grossmünster)
  • Old town (Altstadt), District 1, on both sides of the river
  • Bahnhofstrasse, Zürich (shopping avenue) starting at main train station
  • Parade-Platz, Plaza in the middle of Bahnhofstrasse, Zürich, center of financial activity, with world-headquarters of several Swiss banks: UBS and Credit Suisse.
  • Zoological garden [12]
  • Masoala Rainforest Ecosystem Great Glass Hall in the Zoological garden with trees, flowers and animals in liberty from the rainforest of Masoala National Park in Madagascar [13]
  • Botanical Garden of the University of Zürich [14]
  • Chinese Garden, Zürich [15]
  • Neu Oerlikon, part of City District Zürich Oerlikon: north quarter of the city - Oerliker Park, MFO-Park, Center-11-Building, Price-Waterhouse-Building, ABB-Building, UBS-Building and other modern public spaces. [16]
  • Lake Zürich, running from Zürich to Rapperswil and linking with the Obersee
  • Üetliberg, at an altitude 813 metres above sea level, with Uetlibergturm TV-tower
  • Fluntern Cemetery

[sửa] Industry and commerce

Goldman Sachs offices on the Fraumünsterplatz (the light-colored building at the left)
Goldman Sachs offices on the Fraumünsterplatz (the light-colored building at the left)

UBS, Credit Suisse, Swiss Re, and many other financial institutions have their headquarters in Zürich, the commercial centre of Switzerland. Zürich is the world's primary centre for offshore banking, mainly due to Swiss bank secrecy. The financial sector accounts for about one quarter of the city's economic activities. The Swiss Stock Exchange has its headquarters in Zürich (see also Swiss banking).

[sửa] Business

Zürich is a leading financial centre and has repeatedly been proclaimed the global city with the best quality of life anywhere in the world. The Greater Zürich Area is Switzerland’s economic centre and home to a vast number of international companies. The GDP of the Zürich Area is CHF 210 billion (USD 160 billion) or CHF 58'000 (USD 45'000) per capita (2005).

[sửa] Economic success reasons

Tiêu bản:Advertisement

The success of the Greater Zürich Economic Area as one of the most important in the world is probably due to more than one factor. The very low tax rate and the possibility for foreign companies and private persons to optimize their tax burden by personalized tax agreement with the Tax Authorities is surely one of the key points - a practice that often brings conflicts with Switzerland's neighbours in Europe, who do not like this type of successful and aggressive strategy for establishing European headquarters or service/research centres by known global economic players (e.g. IBM, General Motors Europe, Google, Microsoft, Pfizer). The fact that Switzerland doesn't have an inheritance tax is also an important factor for rich private persons.

Another reason for the economic success of Zürich can be seen in the research and educational (R&D) field of the city. The ETH Zurich is ranked alongside the University of Zurich: there are more than 58,000 students. The reservoir for qualified employees is therefore impressive.

Other data: Switzerland made an excellent showing in the IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2005, scoring in the Top 10 in the following categories:

  • Nobel Prizes per resident (No.2)
  • Active patents per resident (No.2)
  • Private research expenditure (No.6)
  • R&D expenditure per resident (No.6)
  • R&D employees per resident (No.8)
  • R&D expenditure as % of the GNP (No.10)

Most of the Swiss R&D institutions are concentrated in the Zürich area.

Hình:Zurich late.jpg
Zürich's old town at night

Of course also the quality of life is very important in the possible reasons for the international economic growth. William M. Mercer, an HR consulting firm based in London, has ranked Zürich as the city with the highest quality of life anywhere in the world for the fourth consecutive time. Berne and Geneva were also ranked among the Top 10 – in fact, Switzerland was the only country with more than one city in the Top 10.

Thanks to extremely low crime rates, personal safety can be assured without extra charges. And the importance of security as an economic factor should not be underestimated.

[sửa] The Swiss stock exchange

The Swiss stock exchange is called SWX Swiss Exchange. The SWX is the head group of several different worldwide operative financial systems: virt-x, Eurex, Eurex US, EXFEED and STOXX. The exchange turnover generated at the SWX was in 2004 of 1,244,045 million CHF; the number of transactions arrived in the same period at 14,697,381 and the Swiss Performance Index (SPI) arrived at a total market capitalisation of 780,320 million CHF.

The SWX Swiss Exchange goes back more than 150 years. In 1996, fully electronic trading replaced the traditional floor trading system at the stock exchanges of Geneva (founded in 1850), Zurich (1873) and Basle (1876).

The SWX is subject to Swiss law. The Federal Act on Stock Exchanges and Securities Trading (SESTA) prescribes the concept of self-regulation, which obligates the SWX to meet international standards in its regulatory activities. The SWX itself is supervised by the Swiss Federal Banking Commission (SFBC).

The shares traded on SWX are mainly held in the Swiss-based accounts of domestic and international investors. Other products traded on the SWX Platform are bonds (CHF-denominated bonds as well as international bonds), traditional investments, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs, known as exchange-traded index funds) and non-standardised derivatives. In terms of turnover, the SWX Swiss Exchange operates Europe's largest market segment for listed and exchange-traded warrants.

Chairman of the Board of Directors of the SWX Group is Prof. Dr. Peter Gomez. Gomez is a business professor at St. Gallen business school. [17]

[sửa] Media outlets

[sửa] Daily newspapers

[sửa] Weekly magazines and newspapers

[sửa] Monthly magazines

[sửa] Electronic News System

[sửa] Art Movements born in Zürich

  • Zürich is the home of the Cabaret Voltaire where the Dada movement began in 1916. Visit at the Spiegelgasse/Niederdorf-Corner the Cabaret Voltaire Museum.
  • Constructive Art Movement took also one of the first steps in Zurich. Artists like Max Bill, Marcel Breuer, Camille Graeser or Richard Paul Lohse had their ateliers in Zurich, which became even more important after the takeover of power by the Nazi-Regime in Germany and World War Two. Visit the museum at the Haus Konstruktiv.
Hình:Dreiecke.jpg
Constructive Art: Richard Paul Lohse, Dreiecke, 1942, Kunsthaus MuseumTiêu bản:Unverifiedimage

[sửa] Opera, Ballet and Theaters

  • Zürcher Opernhaus: one of the most famous Opera Houses in Europe. Director is Alexander Pereira. Once a year elegant and exclusive Zürcher Opernball with the President of the Swiss Confederation and the economic and cultural élite of Switzerland.[18] In front of the Lake Zürich and Bellevue-Place, where the traditional Sechseläuten takes place. Famous Ballet-Academy by Heinz Spoerli. Antique Neo-baroque interior very elegant and worth visiting. Take S-Bahn to Stadelhofen.
  • Schauspielhaus: Main Theater-Complex of the City. Has two Dépendances: Pfauen (historic old theater) in the Central City District and Schiffbauhalle (modern architecture in old industry-halls) in Zürich West (S-Bahn-Station Hardbrücke). Was home for Emigrants like Bertolt Brecht or Thomas Mann and World-Première-Theater for Max Frisch, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Botho Strauss or Nobel-Prize winner Elfriede Jelinek.[19]
  • Theater am Neumarkt: One of the oldest Theaters of the city. Established by the old guilds in the Old City District, located in a baroque Palace near Niederdorf Street. Two stages with mostly production by avantgarde directors from Europe. Has both classic theater (Racine, Goethe, Shakespeare) and new productions in its repertoire.[20]
  • Theater Gessnerallee: Young and underground Theater. The most experimental stage in the city. Ballet, breakdance, own theater-productions and guest-shows from all over the world. Very good Restaurant and Bar is attached (Reithalle). On the River Sihl (bathing in summer) and in front of the Historic Military Place Alte Kaserne with parc.[21]
  • Theater an der Sihl: Official theater of the Zürich Academy of Dance and Theater.[22] Next tho the Theater Gessnerallee and the Bahnhofstrasse - the main shopping street of the city.
  • Rote Fabrik Theater: The Rote Fabrik Cultural Complex is located on the shores of the lake in the district of Wollishofen. In the great red brick halls of an old fabric of the 19th century was created in the 1980s an avantgarde and political left-oriented room for young and controversial theater and ballet productions. There are also an art gallery, a restaurant (Ziegel Oh Lac) and a Club integrated in the Rote Fabrik. Take S-Bahn to the Wollishofen Station.
  • Theater Miller's Studio: Cabaret- and Revue-Theater with political and social comedy. A lot of one-man-shows. In the old Tiefenbrunnen-Complex with Restaurants, Bars, Museums (NONAM and Alte Mühle Tiefenbrunnen), Art-Galleries. In front of the lake. Take S-Bahn to Tiefenbrunnen Station.[23]
  • Zurich Comedy Club: Much of Zurich's theatre is conducted in the native German. However, twice per year (May & November) this amateur theatre group stages English-language theatre ranging from Shakespearean drama, to thrillers & drama of all kinds, pantomimes and of course comedies. The Zurich Comedy Club has been part of Zurich life for over 50 years and potential new members are always welcome.[24]

[sửa] Nightlife and Clubbing

Zürich has an extreme variety of possibilities for night-time leisure. It became one of the capitals of Europe's electronic music scene and it's the host city of the world-famous Street Parade.

The most famous districts for Nightlife are the Niederdorf in the old city district with bars, restaurants, lounges, hotels, clubs, etc. and a lot of fashion shops for a young and stylish public and the Langstrasse in the districts 4 and 5 of the city. Here you find more rough but authentic amusements: Brazilian bars, punk clubs, HipHop stages, Caribic restaurants, arthouse-cinemas, Turkish kebabs and Italian espresso-bars, but also sex shops or the famous red light district of Zürich. At the Langstrasse you find the very international and multicultural heart of Zürich.

But in the last ten years new spots were created: Zürich West District within the old district 5, with its heart around the Escher-Wyss plaza and the S-Bahn Station of Hardbrücke with its cinemas (Abaton Cinemax complex), music clubs, lounges, restaurants, cafés and bars and the dépendance of the most important theater of the City: Schiffbau. New hotels were also built in this young quarter, which lives mostly during nighttime and weekends: hotel Ibis, Novotel Accor (on the stunning Turbinenplatz - a new plaza built with an interesting light design) and Etap Hotel. During the day you can visit art galleries, fashion shops (e.g. Freitag-Bags), organic-food stores and the Puls 5 Complex at the Turbinenplatz: a mall with an interesting architectural mix of modern and old (especially the huge Central Court [25]).

Check the online-mag usgang.ch for the latest events.

The most famous clubs in the city are:

  • Kaufleuten, Pelikanplatz, very posh and stylish club in the heart of the business and shopping district of the city centre. Old art-nouveau architecture, one of the oldest still running clubs of the world, the place-to-be for all the rich, famous and wannabes (from 50 Cent to Paris Hilton down to Tina Turner or Madonna). Music-style (Elektro, RnB, etc.) changes daily. [26]
  • Club Indochine, in Zürich West District, Limmatstrasse 275, elegant club with public from the age of 18 to 60. Mainly financial business people or posh students. Located in front of Migros Museum of Modern Art and Kunsthalle museum and Säulenhalle club. Every day is a different style of music. Tram station Dammweg[27]
  • Supermarket is a legendary underground house club making a beautiful and stylish crowd bounce for over 10 years. It is located in Zurich West next to Hardbrücke which is only one stop from the main station by S-Train. [28]
  • Säulenhalle, in Zürich West District, Limmatstrasse, Italian-style club, young and mixed international public; mostly electronic music and RnB or HipHop. Also bar and lounge. Located in the Löwenbräu-Complex, same building as Migros Museum. In front of Club Indochine, tram station Dammweg.
  • X-Tra Palais, at the very beginning of the Langstrasse corner Limmatplatz, Limmatstrasse 118, the only club in the city of Zürich with its own hotel, restaurant, lounge and music-label! All located in the so called "Limmathaus", a sovietic-style-architecture building of the late 1920s. Mainly young crowd and students. Special party on weekends, Monday the traditional "Cool-Monday-Party". Good hotel for young guests between hip district Zürich West and traditional multicultural district 4 and 5 and the Langstrasse. In front of Café Greco and Migros-Tower (modern department store with good organic food choice). Tram station Limmatplatz. [29]
  • Toni-Areal, at the end of the trendy Zürich West district, Förrlibuckstrasse 109, located in a huge dismissed industrial complex, with stunning modern interior design and video and light art features. Mostly avantgarde and international electronic music. Has also a good choice of vegetarian and organic food. [30]
  • Nietturm-Bar, on the top of the Schiffbau building, Schiffbaustrasse 4 in the Zürich West District, a big glass box (architecture by the famous Ortner&Ortner-Studios) with roughly 100 places to sit, enjoy drinks and listen to lounge music. Nice view over the district. Mixed public (young crowds, theater-habitués, international businessmen. Good choice of cocktails, but quite expensive. [31]
  • Moods, inside the Schiffbau-Building, Schiffbaustrasse 4, famous international jazz club with escapades in the electronic, funk and South-American field. Stylish interior. Good drinks and food. [32]
  • Hard-One Bar, Heinrichstrasse 269, on the top of the Abaton-Cinemax-Complex in Zürich West District, stunning view over the whole district and the elevated Autobahn close by. Very crowded on weekends, with live electronic music. Elegant modern interior design. [33]
  • Labor-Bar, Schiffbaustrasse 3, a state-owned TV studio which becomes a lounge and club at night! Located near the Turbinenplatz and Schiffbau in Zürich West District. Very hip and stylish public, most in electronic music, but also in RnB (program changes every day - also special gay-and-friends-party). [34]
  • Les Halles, Pfingstweidstrasse 6, Zürich West district, unique mix of lounge bar, restaurant and gourmet market, where you can eat mediterranean cuisine, buy exquisite food products from all over the world and listen to good music. Very original interior design provided by the owner's family. [35]
  • Aaah-Club, Marktgasse 14, Gay-Club in the old city district, located in a medieval building on the crowded Niederdorf-Strasse, a few meters from the gay hotspots Cranberry-Bar and the Barfüsser-Bar (Europe's oldest gay bar!). Very international young public. [36]

[sửa] Education and research

[sửa] Sports

  • Grasshopper-Club Zürich Football [37] Tiêu bản:De icon
  • ZSC Lions Ice Hockey Club [38] Tiêu bản:De icon
  • FC Zürich Football Club [39] Tiêu bản:De icon
  • Challengers Baseball Club Zürich [40]
  • Zürich Lions Baseball Club [41]
  • Zürich Renegades American Football Club [42] Tiêu bản:De icon
  • Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) headquarters.
  • Weltklasse Zürich
  • International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)
  • Swimming in the lake, in the river or in several outdoor swimming pools (June-September)

[sửa] Events

  • Street Parade
  • Sechseläuten, spring festival of the guilds and burning of the Böögg
  • Zurich International Theater Festival - Zürcher Theater Spektakel, it ranks among the most important European festivals for the contemporary performing arts. [43]
  • Kunst Zürich, international art fair with an annual guest city (New York in 2005); combines most recent and youngest art with the works of well-established artists. [44]
  • Annual public art program each summer, sponsored by the Zürich City Association (the local equivalent of a chamber of commerce) with the cooperation of the city government. The theme for 2005 was teddy bears.

[sửa] Transportation

Trams in Zürich
Trams in Zürich

Zürich is a hub for rail, road, and air traffic. It has several railway stations, including Zürich Main Station, Zürich Oerlikon, Zürich Stadelhofen, and Zürich Altstetten. The Cisalpino, InterCity Express, and even the TGV high-speed trains stop in Zürich.

The A1, A3 and A4 motorways pass close to Zürich. The A1 heads west towards Bern and Geneva and eastwards towards St. Gallen; the A4 leads northwards to Schaffhausen; and the A3 heads northwest towards Basel and southeast along Lake Zurich and Lake Walen towards Sargans.

Zürich has a major international airport at Kloten, less than 10 kilometres northeast of the city. There is also an airfield in Dübendorf, although it is not used for civil aviation.

Within Zürich and throughout the canton of Zürich, the ZVV network of public transport has traffic density rating among the highest worldwide. If you add frequency, which in Zürich can be as often as 7 minutes, it does become the densest across all dimensions. Three means of mass-transit exist: the S-Bahn (local trains), trams, and buses (both diesel and electric, also called trolley buses). Rumour has it that no point exists on the ground floor within the central district which is farther than 150 metres from the next bus, tram, or train stop.

In addition the public transport network includes boats on the lake and river, funicular railways and even a cable car between Adliswil and Felsenegg. Tickets purchased for a trip are valid on all means of public transportation (train, tram, bus, boat).

[sửa] Notable people

People who were born or died in Zürich:

  • Huldrych Zwingli (1484 - 1531), reformer
  • Conrad Gessner (1516 - 1565), naturalist, born and died in Zürich
  • Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672 - 1733), scholar, born in Zürich
  • Johann Kaspar Lavater (1741 - 1801), poet and physiognomist, born in Zürich
  • Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746 - 1827), educational reformer, born in Zürich
  • James Sadleir (c. 1815 - 1881), fugitive swindler, murdered in Zürich
  • Gottfried Keller (1819 - 1890), poet, born and died in Zürich
  • Conrad Ferdinand Meyer (1825 - 1898), poet, born in Zürich
  • Johanna Spyri (1827 - 1901), author of Heidi, died in Zürich
  • Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia (1853) - (1920) Duchess of Edinburgh, died in Zürich
  • Wilhelm Filchner (1877 - 1957), explorer, died in Zürich
  • James Joyce (1882 - 1941), Irish novelist, died in Zürich (buried at Fluntern cemetery in Zürich)
  • Pancho Vladigerov (1899 - 1978), Bulgarian composer, born in Zürich
  • Felix Bloch (1905 - 1983), physicist, born in Zürich
  • Elias Canetti (1905 - 1994), novelist, died in Zürich
  • Max Frisch (1911 - 1991), novelist, born and died in Zürich
  • Hugo Koblet (1925 - 1964), cycling champion
  • Bruno Ganz (born 1941), actor, born in Zürich
  • Martin Suter (born 1948), author, born in Zürich
  • Lucinda Ruh (born 1979), figure skater, born in Zürich
  • Heinz Gunthardt (born 1959), professional tennis player, born in Zürich

Famous residents:

See also: List of mayors of Zürich

[sửa] Hotels

Hình:ZurichStPeter.jpg
St. Peter church

Map Overview: Hotels in Zurich
See also: Zürich Tourismus

[sửa] Sister cities

  • San Francisco, United States (private initiative)
  • Kunming, Peoples Republic of China

[sửa] References

  1. http://www.citymayors.com/features/quality_survey.html
  2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia

[sửa] External links

Tiêu bản:Wikisource1913CatholicEnc

Tiêu bản:Cantonal capitals of Switzerland