রসায়নে নোবেল পুরস্কার

উইকিপিডিয়া, মুক্ত বিশ্বকোষ থেকে

রয়েল সুইডিশ একাডেমি অফ সায়েন্সের রসায়নে নোবেল পুরস্কার দিয়ে থাকে। এখানে ১৯০১ থেকে ২০০৬ সালে পর্যন্ত এই বিষয়ে নোবেল পুরস্কার প্রাপ্তদের একটি তালিকা দেয়া হচ্ছে।


সূচিপত্র

[সম্পাদনা করুন] নোবেল পুরস্কার বিজয়ী রসায়নবিদদের পূর্ণ তালিকা

বর্ষ নাম রাষ্ট্র পুরস্কার প্রাপ্তির কারণ
১৯০১ জ্যাকোবাস হেনরিকাস ভ্যান্ট হফ নেদারল্যান্ড রাসায়নিক গতিবিদ্যার গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নীতি এবং দ্রবণের অভিস্রবণ চাপ আবিষ্কার
১৯০২ হারমান এমিল ফিশার জার্মানি সুগার এবং [[পিউরিন সংশ্লেষণের উপর গবেষণা
১৯০৩ সাভান্ত্‌ অগাস্ট আরহেনিয়াস Sweden "for his electrolytic theory of dissociation"
১৯০৪ স্যার উইলিয়াম র‌্যামজে United Kingdom "for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air"
১৯০৫ জোহান ফ্রিডরিখ ভিলহেল্‌ম এডল্‌ফ ভন বেয়ার Germany "for his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"
১৯০৬ Henri Moissan France "for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the electric

furnace named after him" See:Moissan electric furnace

১৯০৭ এদুয়ার্দ বাকনার Germany "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free [[fermentation

(biochemistry)|fermentation]]"

১৯০৮ আর্নেস্ট রাদারফোর্ড New Zealand and United Kingdom "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of

radioactive substances"

১৯০৯ ভিলহেল্‌ম ওসওয়াল্ড Germany "his work on catalysis and for his investigations into [[chemical

equilibrium|chemical equilibria]] and rates of reaction"

১৯১০ Otto Wallach Germany "for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds"
১৯১১ মেরি কুরি Poland/France "for her discovery of radium and polonium "
১৯১২ ভিক্টর গ্রিগনার্ড France "for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent"
Paul Sabatier France "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds"
১৯১৩ আলফ্রেড ওয়র্নার Switzerland "for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules"
১৯১৪ থিওডোর উইলিযাম রিচার্ডস USA "for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements"
১৯১৫ Richard Martin Willstätter Germany "for his research on plant pigments"
১৯১৮ ফ্রিজ হেবার Germany "for his synthesis of ammonia"
১৯২০ ওয়াল্টার হারমান নার্নস্ট Germany "for his work in thermochemistry"
১৯২১ ফ্রিডেরিক সোডি United Kingdom "for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into

isotopes"

১৯২২ ফ্রান্সিস উইলিয়াম অ্যাস্টন United Kingdom "for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive

elements, and for his whole-number rule"

১৯২৩ Fritz Pregl Slovenia "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic

substances"

১৯২৫ Richard Adolf Zsigmondy Germany "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and the

methods used"

১৯২৬ Theodor Svedberg Sweden "for his work on disperse systems"
১৯২৭ Heinrich Otto Wieland Germany "for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances"
১৯২৮ Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus Germany "for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins"
১৯২৯ Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin United Kingdom, Germany "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"
১৯৩০ Hans Fischer Germany "for his research into haemin and chlorophyll"
১৯৩১ Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius Germany, Germany "for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods"
১৯৩২ Irving Langmuir USA "for his work in surface chemistry"
১৯৩৪ Harold Clayton Urey USA "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"
1935 Frédéric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie France, France "for their synthesis of new radioactive elements"
1936 Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye The Netherlands "for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments

and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"

1937 Walter Norman Haworth United Kingdom "for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C"
Paul Karrer Switzerland "for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and

B2"

1938 Richard Kuhn Germany "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins"
1939 Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt Germany "for his work on sex hormones"
Lavoslav Ružička Switzerland "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"
1943 George de Hevesy Hungary "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical

processes"

1944 Otto Hahn Germany "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"
1945 Artturi Ilmari Virtanen Finland "for his research and inventions in agricultural and

nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method"

1946 James Batcheller Sumner USA "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"
John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley USA, USA "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure

form"

1947 Sir Robert Robinson United Kingdom "for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids"
1948 Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius Sweden "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis"
1949 William Francis Giauque USA "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics"
1950 Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder Germany, Germany "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction."
1951 Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborg USA, USA "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements"
1952 Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge United Kingdom, United Kingdom "for their invention of partition chromatography"
1953 Hermann Staudinger Germany "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"
1954 Linus Carl Pauling USA "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond"
1955 Vincent du Vigneaud USA "for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a

polypeptide hormone"

1956 Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov (Никола́й

Никола́евич Семёнов)

United Kingdom, USSR "for their research into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
1957 Sir Alexander Todd United Kingdom "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes"
1958 Frederick Sanger United Kingdom "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin"
1959 Jaroslav Heyrovský Czechoslovakia "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of

analysis"

1960 Willard Frank Libby USA "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination"
1961 Melvin Calvin USA "for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
1962 Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew United Kingdom "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
1963 Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta Germany, Italy "for their discoveries relating to high polymers"
1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin United Kingdom "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of

important biochemical substances"

1965 Robert Burns Woodward USA "for his achievements in organic synthesis"
1966 Robert Sanderson Mulliken USA "for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules"
1967 Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter Germany, United Kingdom, United Kingdom "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions"
1968 Lars Onsager USA "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name"
1969 Derek Harold Richard Barton, Odd Hassel United Kingdom, Norway "for their contributions to the development of the concept of [[tertiary

structure|conformation]]"

1970 Luis F. Leloir Argentina "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of

carbohydrates"

1971 Gerhard Herzberg Canada "for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules,

particularly free radicals"

1972 Christian B. Anfinsen USA "for his work on ribonuclease"
Stanford Moore, William H. Stein USA, USA "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical

structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule"

1973 Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson Germany, United Kingdom "for their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds"
1974 Paul J. Flory USA "for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical

chemistry of macromolecules"

1975 John Warcup Cornforth United Kingdom and Australia "for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"
Vladimir Prelog Switzerland "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"
1976 William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. USA "for his studies on the structure of Boranes"
1977 Ilya Prigogine Belgium "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics"
1978 Peter D. Mitchell United Kingdom "for his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"
1979 Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig United Kingdom, Germany "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing

compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis"

1980 Paul Berg USA "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular

regard to recombinant-DNA"

Walter Gilbert,Frederick Sanger USA, United Kingdom "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
1981 Kenichi Fukui (福井謙一), Roald Hoffmann Japan, USA "for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions"
1982 Aaron Klug United Kingdom, South Africa "for his development of crystallographic [[electron

microscope|electron microscopy]]"

1983 Henry Taube USA "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions"
1984 Robert Bruce Merrifield USA "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
1985 Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle USA, USA "for their achievements in developing direct methods for the

determination of crystal structures"

1986 Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee (李遠哲), John C. Polanyi USA, USA, Canada "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
1987 Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen USA, France, USA "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of

high selectivity"

1988 Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel Germany, Germany, Germany "for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a [[photosynthetic

reaction center|photosynthetic reaction centre]]"

1989 Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech Canada and USA, USA "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
1990 Elias James Corey USA "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"
1991 Richard R. Ernst Switzerland "for his contributions to the development of high resolution [[nuclear magnetic

resonance]] (NMR) spectroscopy"

1992 Rudolph A. Marcus USA "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"
1993 Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith USA, Canada "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry"
1994 George A. Olah USA "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"
1995 Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland The Netherlands, Mexico, USA "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, in particular ozone depletion"
1996 Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley USA, United Kingdom, USA "for their discovery of fullerenes"
1997 Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker USA, United Kingdom "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of

adenosine triphosphate"

Jens C. Skou Denmark "for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme,

Na+/K+-ATPase"

1998 Walter Kohn USA "for his development of the density functional theory"
John A. Pople United Kingdom "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"
1999 Ahmed H. Zewail Egypt and USA "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond

spectroscopy"

2000 Alan J. Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (白川英

樹)

USA, USA and New Zealand, Japan "for their discovery and development of conductive polymers"
2001 William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori (野依良治) USA, Japan "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation

reactions"

K. Barry Sharpless USA "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"
2002 Kurt Wüthrich, John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka (田中耕一) Switzerland, USA, Japan "for their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of

biological macromolecules"

2003 Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon USA, USA "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes"
2004 Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose Israel, Israel, USA "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
2005 Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock and Yves Chauvin USA, USA, France "for the development of the metathesis method in [[organic

synthesis]]"

২০০৬ রজার ডি. কর্নবার্গ যুক্তরাষ্ট্র "for his studies of the molecular basis of [[Transcription (genetics)#Eukaryotic

transcription|eukaryotic transcription]]"

[সম্পাদনা করুন] তথ্যসূত্র

রসায়নে নোবেল]

[সম্পাদনা করুন] আরও দেখুন

  • ওল্‌ফ প্রাইজ ইন কেমিস্ট্রি
  • প্রিস্টলি মেডেল

[সম্পাদনা করুন] বহিঃসংযোগ

নোবেল পুনস্কারসমূহ
রসায়ন • সাহিত্য • শান্তি • পদার্থবিজ্ঞান • চিকিৎসা
আলফ্রেড নোবেলের স্মৃতিতে প্রদত্ত পুরস্কার: অর্থনীতি