Wikipedia:Að breyta grein

Úr Wikipediu, frjálsa alfræðiritinu

Part of the Style and How-to Series

Wikipedia er WikiWiki, sem þýðir að hver sem er getur breytt hvaða óverndaðri grein sem er virkjað þessar breytingar strax.

Það er mjög einfalt að breyta Wiki síðu. Klikkaðu á "breyta" hnappinn efst uppi (eða breyta tenglunum til hægri) á Wiki síðunni til að breyta síðunni sjálfri, eða klikka á "Spjall" og síðan á "+ hnappinn" (eða, á upprunalega klassíska þemanu, klikkaðu á "Discuss this page" tengilinn og síðan á "breyta") til að bæta við athugasemd við umræðuna á viðeigandi umræðusíðu. Þetta mun færa þig á síðu með textakassa sem inniheldur breytanlegan texta þessarar Wiki síðu.

Skrifaðu síðan það sem þú vilt, skrifaðu stutta breytingarlýsingu í smáa textakassann undir stóra textakassanum og þegar því er lokið, ýttu á "Vista". Þú getur líka forskoðað breytingarnar þínar til að sjá hvernig síðan myndi líta út. Það fer síðan eftir kerfinu hvort að færsluhnappurinn (Enter) virki á meðan textakassarnir eru ekki valdir.

Efnisyfirlit

[breyta] Nánari upplýsingar til að breyta wiki síðum

Þessi síða tilvísunin fyrir wiki markup. Þú munt líka vilja læra um:

  • How to start a page
  • Informal tips on contributing to Wikipedia
  • Editing tasks in general at the Wikipedia:Editing FAQ
  • Why not to rename pages boldly, at Wikipedia:How to rename (move) a page
  • Preferred layout of your article, at Guide to Layout (see also Wikipedia:Boilerplate text)
  • Style conventions in the Wikipedia:Manual of Style
  • General policies in Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines
  • Wikipedia:Naming conventions for how to name articles themselves
  • If you are making an article about something that belongs to a group of objects (a city, an astronomical object, a chinese character...) check out if there is a WikiProject on the group and try to follow its directions explicitly.
  • Finally, for a list of all articles about editing Wikipedia see Wikipedia:Style and How-to Directory or Wikipedia:Utilities.

[breyta] Ráðlegginar um breytingar á Wikipedia greinum

Gjörið svo vel að nota hlutlaust sjónarhorn, og gjöra svo vel að geta heimilda þannig að aðrir geti athugað heimildirnar og aukið við skrifin.

Það er oft mjög hentugt að afrita textann fyrst yfir í uppáhalds ritilinn þinn, breyta og fara yfir stafsetningu, og síðan að afrita yfir í vafrann til að forskoða. Með því getur þú haldið vara-afriti af síðunum sem þú skrifaðir svo að þú getir breytt þeim án þess að vera tengd(ur) sérstaklega. Sumir ritlar geta verið sérstaklega aðlagaðir til að breyta Wikipedia greinum: sjá Wikipedia:syntax highlighting.

Ef þú vilt sjá núverandi útgáfu á meðan þú ert að breyta, opnaðu "Hætta við" tengilinn í nýjum glugga. Það mun ekki eyðileggja það sem þú ert að skrifa.

Eftir að hafa búið til nýja síðu, þá er góð hugmynd að:

  • Á síðunni sjálfri, notaðu Hvað tengist hingað verkfærið til að athuga greinarnar sem tengjast á síðuna, og sjá til þess að þær hafa allar sömu merkingu og greinin þín færir;
  • Notaðu leitarhnappinn til að hefja Google leit á Wikipedia á síðutitlinum (og mögulegum afbrigðum), til að finna greinar sem minnast á það, og tengja frá þeim og á greinina þína ef það hentar;
  • Athugaðu hvort þú finnur grein um það sama á Wikipedia á öðrum tungumálum sem þú getur skilið.

[breyta] Safari browser 60-second timeout

If you use the Safari browser on Mac OS X, you may find that the 60-second browser timeout is shorter than the amount of time it takes for your edit to be acknowledged, especially when server load is high. Clicking "Save page" again will cause the edit to be repeated, which can be disastrous when doing section edits. You may want to install SafariNoTimeout, a free extension that will increase the 60-second timeout to 10 minutes.

[breyta] Minniháttar breytingar

Sjá líka Wikipedia:Minniháttar breytingar

Þegar verið er að breyta síðu, innskráðir notendur geta merkt breytingar sínar sem "minniháttar". Minniháttar breytingar meina venjulega leiðréttingar á stafsetningu, uppsetningu, og minniháttar færslur á texta. Það er hægt að fela minniháttar breytingar þegar skoðað er Kerfissíða:Nýlegar breytingar. Merkjandi meiriháttar breytingu sem minniháttar breytingu er talið sem slæm hegðun, og jafnvel verra ef einhver texti er strokaður út. Ef einhver hefur slysast til að merkja breytingu sem minniháttar, ætti persónan að breyta síðunni aftur, merkja sem meiriháttar (eða frekar, sjá til þess að ekki sé hakað við "Minniháttar breyting"), og í breytingarlýsingunni, minnast á það að fyrri breyting var meiriháttar.

[breyta] The wiki markup

In the left column of the table below, you can see what effects are possible. In the right column, you can see how those effects were achieved. In other words, to make text look like it looks in the left column, type it in the format you see in the right column.

You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference. If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the Sandbox.


[breyta] Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines

What it looks like What you type

Start your sections as follows:


New section

Subsection

Sub-subsection



==New section==

===Subsection===

====Sub-subsection====

A single newline has no effect on the layout. These can be used to separate sentences within a paragraph. Some editors find that this aids editing and improves the diff function.

But an empty line starts a new paragraph.

A single [[newline]]
has no effect on the layout. 
These can be used to separate
sentences within a paragraph.
Some editors find that this aids editing
and improves the ''diff'' function.

But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.
You can break lines
without starting a new paragraph.
You can break lines<br>
without starting a new paragraph.
  • Lists are easy to do:
    • start every line with a star
      • more stars means deeper levels
* Lists are easy to do:
** start every line with a star
*** more stars means deeper levels

  1. Numbered lists are also good
    1. very organized
    2. easy to follow
# Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
  • You can even do mixed lists
    1. and nest them
      • like this
* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* like this
Definition list 
list of definitions
item 
the item's definition
; Definition list : list of definitions
; item : the item's definition
  • One item per line, NEWLINE only before the colon. The space before the colon improves parsing.
A colon indents a line or paragraph.

A manual newline starts a new paragraph.

  • This is primarily for displayed material, but is also used for discussion on Talk pages.
: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.





 IF a line starts with a space THEN
   it will be formatted exactly 
     as typed;
   in a fixed-width font;
   lines won't wrap;
 ENDIF
 this is useful for:
   * pasting preformatted text;
   * algorithm descriptions;
   * program source code;
   * [[ASCII art]] and chemical structures;

WARNING If you make it wide, you force the whole page to be wide and hence less readable, especially for people who use lower resolutions. Never start ordinary lines with spaces.

 IF a line starts with a space THEN
   it will be formatted exactly 
     as typed;
   in a fixed-width font;
   lines won't wrap;
 ENDIF
 this is useful for:
   * pasting preformatted text;
   * algorithm descriptions;
   * program source code;
   * [[ASCII art]] and chemical structures;
Centered text.
<center>Centered text.</center>
A horizontal dividing line: this is above it

and this is below it.

Mainly useful for separating threads on Talk pages.
In rare times used to disambiguate an expression without creating a separate page.

A [[horizontal dividing line]]: this is above it
----
and this is below it. 

[breyta] Links, URLs

.

What it looks like What you type
London has public transport.
  • First letter of target is automatically capitalized.
  • Internally spaces are automatically represented as underscores (typing an underscore has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).

Thus the link above is to http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport, which is the article with the name "Public transport". See also Wikipedia:Canonization.

London has [[public transport]].
Same target, different name:

answers.
(This is a piped link.)

Same target, different name: 
[[wikipedia FAQ|answers]]
Endings are blended into the link: testing, genes
Endings are blended 
into the link: [[test]]ing, [[gene]]s

Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: kingdom.

Automatically hide namespace: Village Pump.

The server fills in the part after the | when you save the page. Next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. A preview interprets the abbreviated form correctly, but does not expand it yet in the edit box. Press Save and again Edit, and you will see the expanded version. The same applies for the following feature.

Automatically hide stuff in parentheses:
[[kingdom (biology)|]]. 
Automatically hide namespace: 
[[Wikipedia:Village Pump|]].

Economics#See also is a link to a section within another page.
#Links, URLs is a link to a section on this page.

The part after the # must exactly match a heading on the page (in spelling, case and punctuation). See == headers == above for how to create headings. Links to non-existent sections aren't broken, they are treated as links to the top of the page.
[[Economics#See also]] is a link...
[[#Links, URLs]] is a link...
When adding a comment to a Talk page,

you should sign it. You can do this by adding three tildes for your user name:

Montrealais

or four for user name plus date/time:

Montrealais 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC)
When adding a comment to a Talk page,
you should sign it. You can do this by
adding three tildes for your user name:
: ~~~
or four for user name plus date/time:
: ~~~~
The weather in London is a page that doesn't

exist yet.

  • You can create it by clicking on the link.


  • To create a new page:
    1. Create a link to it on some other page.
    2. Save that page.
    3. Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.
  • Have a look at how to start a page guide and Wikipedia's naming conventions.
[[The weather in London]] is a page 
that doesn't exist yet.
Wikipedia:How to edit a page is this page. Self links appear as bold text when the article is viewed.
[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] is this page.

Redirect one article title to another by putting text like this in its first line. Note that redirects to sections do not work yet. #REDIRECT [[United States#History]] will redirect to the United States page, but not to any particular section on it. It is possible this feature will be implemented in future, so such redirects could be used now for future compatibility.

#REDIRECT [[United States]]

Link to a page on the same subject in another language using a link like [[language code:Title]].

It does not matter where you put these links while editing as they always show up in the same place when you save the page, but placement at the end of the edit box is recommended. See Wikipedia:Interlanguage links and list of languages and codes.

[[fr:Wikipédia:Aide]]
"What links here" and "Related changes" can be linked as:

Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page and Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page

[[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:
How to edit a page]] and
[[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:
How to edit a page]]
A user's "Contributions" page can be linked as:
Special:Contributions/UserName or Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0
[[Special:Contributions/UserName]]
[[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]]
To put an article in a Wikipedia:Category:
[[Flokkur:Character sets]]
To link to a Wikipedia:Category page, without putting the article in this category:

Category:Character sets

[[:Category:Character sets]]
External link:

Plain URL: http://www.nupedia.com/ (no markup)
This is an unnamed link. [1] (using square brackets).
Named link to Nupedia (note use of space, not pipe, to separate URL from name).

External link: 
Plain URL: http://www.nupedia.com/
This is an unnamed link. [http://www.nupedia.com/]
Named link to [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia].
  • In the URL all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%-+&#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written %5E (to be looked up in ASCII).

To link to books, you can use Wikipedia:ISBN links. This is preferred to linking to a specific online bookstore, because it gives the reader a choice of vendors. ISBN links do not need any extra markup, provided you use this format.

ISBN 012345678X
ISBN 0-123-45678-X

ISBN 012345678X
ISBN 0-123-45678-X
Use links for dates, so everyone can set their own display order. Use Special:Preferences to change your own date display setting.

July 20, 1969 , 20 July 1969 and 1969-07-20

[[July 20]], [[1969]] , [[20 July]] [[1969]]
and [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
will all appear as 20 July 1969 if you set your date display preference to 15 January 2001, but July 20, 1969 if you set it to January 15, 2001.

To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link.


Sound



[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]

[breyta] Links, URLs, images

What it looks like What you type
A picture:
Wikipedia Encyclopedia
Wikipedia Encyclopedia

  • Only images that have been uploaded to Wikipedia can be used. To upload images, use the upload page. You can find the uploaded image on the image list.
  • See Wikipedia:Image use policy, Image markup and extended image syntax for more hints.
  • Alternative text, used when the image isn't loaded, in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud, is strongly encouraged. See Alternate text for images for help on choosing it.
A picture: [[Mynd:Wiki.png]]

or, with alternate text

[[Mynd:Wiki.png|jigsaw globe]]

or, floating to the right side of the page and with a caption.

A picture: [[Mynd:Wiki.png|frame|right|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]

or, floating to the right side of the page without a caption.

[[Mynd:Wiki.png|right|]]

Note the extra | after the word right. This is to make sure the image floats to the right side of the page, and not so that the alternate text is "right".

Clicking on an uploaded image displays a description page, which you can also link directly to: Image:Wiki.png


[[:Image:Wiki.png]]

To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.


Image of a Tornado



[[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]]

[breyta] Character formatting

What it looks like What you type

Emphasize, strongly, very strongly.

  • These are double and triple apostrophes (single-quote marks), not double-quote marks.
  • Note that on almost all browsers, these appear as italic and bold; for semantic reasons, <i> and <b> are preferable in mathematical formulas.
''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', 
'''''very strongly'''''.
A typewriter font for technical terms.
  • For semantic reasons, <code> should be used instead when writing computer programs
A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>.
You can use small text for captions.
You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.
You can strike out deleted material

and underline new material.

You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and <u>underline new material</u>.

Umlauts and accents:
(See wikipedia:Special characters)
è é ê ë ì í

À Á Â Ã Ä Å
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë
Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò
Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù
Ú Û Ü ß à á
â ã ä å æ ç
è é ê ë ì í
î ï ñ ò ó ô
œ õ ö ø ù ú
û ü ÿ



è é ê ë ì í
&Agrave; &Aacute; &Acirc; &Atilde; &Auml; &Aring; 
&AElig; &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute; &Ecirc; &Euml; 
&Igrave; &Iacute; &Icirc; &Iuml; &Ntilde; &Ograve; 
&Oacute; &Ocirc; &Otilde; &Ouml; &Oslash; &Ugrave; 
&Uacute; &Ucirc; &Uuml; &szlig; &agrave; &aacute; 
&acirc; &atilde; &auml; &aring; &aelig; &ccedil; 
&egrave; &eacute; &ecirc; &euml; &igrave; &iacute;
&icirc; &iuml; &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute; &ocirc; 
&oelig; &otilde; &ouml; &oslash; &ugrave; &uacute; 
&ucirc; &uuml; &yuml;

Punctuation:
¿ ¡ § ¶
† ‡ • – —
‹ › « »
‘ ’ “ ”


&iquest; &iexcl; &sect; &para;
&dagger; &Dagger; &bull; &ndash; &mdash;
&lsaquo; &rsaquo; &laquo; &raquo;
&lsquo; &rsquo; &ldquo; &rdquo;

Commercial symbols:
™ © ® ¢ € ¥

£ ¤

&trade; &copy; &reg; &cent; &euro; &yen; 
&pound; &curren;
Subscript: x2

Superscript: x² or x²

  • The latter method of superscript can't be used in the most general context, but is preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.

ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C² / J m.

1 hectare = 1 E4 m²

Subscript: x<sub>2</sub>
Superscript: x² or x&sup2;







&epsilon;<sub>0</sub> =
8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup>
C&sup2; / J m.


1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]]

Greek characters:

α β γ δ ε ζ
η θ ι κ λ μ ν
ξ ο π ρ σ ς
τ υ φ χ ψ ω
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π
Σ Φ Ψ Ω

&alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta; 
&eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu; 
&xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho;  &sigma; &sigmaf;
&tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega;
&Gamma; &Delta; &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi; &Pi; 
&Sigma; &Phi; &Psi; &Omega;

Math characters:
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞
≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ →
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″
∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇
¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔
→ ↔
(See also WikiProject Mathematics)

&int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &minus; &plusmn; &infin;
&asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne; &le; &ge; &rarr;
&times; &middot; &divide; &part; &prime; &Prime;
&nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym; &oslash;
&isin; &notin; &cap; &cup; &sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;
&not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall; &rArr; &hArr;
&rarr; &harr;
x²   ≥   0 true.
  • To space things out, use non-breaking spaces - &nbsp;.
  • &nbsp; also prevents line breaks in the middle of text, this is useful in formulas.
<i>x</i>²&nbsp;&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 true.

Complicated formulae:
  \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}

  • See Wikipedia:TeX markup
  
<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>

Suppressing interpretation of markup:
Link → (<i>to</i>) the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]

  • Used to show literal data that would otherwise have special meaning.
  • Escapes all wiki markup, including that which looks like HTML tags.
  • Does not escape HTML character references.
  • To escape HTML character references such as &rarr; use &amp;rarr;
<nowiki>Link &rarr; (<i>to</i>) 
the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]</nowiki>

Commenting page source:
not shown in page

  • Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.
<!-- comment here -->

[breyta] Tables

[breyta] Placement of the Table of Contents (TOC)

At the current status of the wiki markup language, having at least four headers on a page triggers the TOC to appear in front of the first header (or after introductory sections). Putting __NOTOC__ anywhere forces the TOC to disappear. See also compact TOC for alphabet and year headings.

[breyta] Tables

There are two ways to build tables:

  • in special Wiki-markup (see m:Help:Table)
  • with the usual HTML elements: <table>, <tr>, <td> or <th>.

For the latter, and a discussion on when tables are appropriate, see Wikipedia:How to use tables.

[breyta] Variables

(See also m:Help:Variable)

Code Effect
{{CURRENTMONTH}} 11
{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} nóvember
{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} November
{{CURRENTDAY}} 23
{{CURRENTDAYNAME}} fimmtudagur
{{CURRENTYEAR}} 2006
{{CURRENTTIME}} 12:41
{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} 12.310
{{PAGENAME}} Að breyta grein
{{NAMESPACE}} Wikipedia
{{localurl:pagename}} ../../../p/a/g/Pagename.html
{{localurl:Wikipedia:Sandbox|action=edit}} ../../../s/a/n/Wikipedia%7ESandbox_ae3e.html
{{SERVER}} http://is.wikipedia.org
{{ns:1}} Spjall
{{ns:2}} Notandi
{{ns:3}} Notandaspjall
{{ns:4}} Wikipedia
{{ns:5}} Wikipediaspjall
{{ns:6}} Mynd
{{ns:7}} Myndaspjall
{{ns:8}} Melding
{{ns:9}} Meldingarspjall
{{ns:10}} Snið
{{ns:11}} Sniðaspjall
{{ns:12}} Hjálp
{{ns:13}} Hjálparspjall
{{ns:14}} Flokkur
{{ns:15}} Flokkaspjall
{{SITENAME}} Wikipedia

NUMBEROFARTICLES is the number of pages in the main namespace which contain a link and are not a redirect, i.e. number of articles, stubs containing a link, and disambiguation pages).

[breyta] Templates

The MediaWiki software used by Wikipedia has limited support for template inclusion. This means standardized text chunks (such as boilerplate text) can be inserted into articles. For example, typing {{stubbur}} will appear as This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. when the page is saved. Other commonly used ones are {{disambig}} for disambiguation pages and {{spoiler}} for spoiler warnings. See Wikipedia:Template messages for the complete list.

[breyta] See also