Nuremberg

From Wikipedia

Templat:Otheruses3 Coordinates: 49°27′ N 11°5′ E

Nuremberg (Nürnberg)
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Lambang Nuremberg
 
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Lokasi Nuremberg di Jerman
 
Negara Jerman
Negeri Bavaria
Kawasan pentadbiran Middle Franconia
Daerah urban district
Unit pentadbiran
Jumlah penduduk 500,132 Tiada (2005)
Kawasan 186.38 km²
Kepadatan penduduk 2,666 /km²
Ketinggian 302 m
Koordinat 49°27′ N 11°5′ E
Kod pos 90000-90491
Kod kawasan 0911
Kod plat nombor N
Datuk Bandar Ulrich Maly (SPD)
Laman web nuernberg.de

Nuremberg (Bahasa Jerman: Nürnberg) adalah sebuah bandaraya di dalam negeri Bavaria, di dalam kawasan pentadbiran Franconia Tengah. Ia terletak di tebing sungai Pegnitz dan juga terusan (Rhine-) Main-Danube Canal. Ia terletak kira-kira 105 batu ke utara Munich, iaitu 49.27° U 11.5° T. Populasi (seperti pada 01/2006) ialah 500,132.

Jadual isi kandungan

[Sunting] Sejarah

Hl. Geistspital
Besarkan
Hl. Geistspital




[Sunting] Middle Ages

From 1050 to 1571, the city was a regular stop on the progression of the Holy Roman Emperor, particularly because Reichstage (Imperial Diets) and courts met at Nuremberg Castle. The Diets of Nuremberg were an important part of the administrative structure of the empire. In 1219 Nuremberg became an Imperial Free City under Emperor Frederick II. Nuremberg soon became, with Augsburg, one of the two great trade centers on the route from Italy to Northern Europe. Nuremberg is known for owning the first Iron Maiden torturing device. In 1298, the Jews of the town were accused of having desecrated the host and 698 were slain in one of the many Rindfleisch massacres.

[Sunting] Early modern age

. Perhaps most famously, the main part of Nicolaus Copernicus' work was published in Nuremberg in 1543.

Printers and publishers have a long history in Nuremberg. Many of these publishers worked with well-known artists of the day to produce books that could also be considered works of art. Others furthered geographical knowledge and travel by mapmaking. Two of these were navigator and geographer Martin Behaim, who made the first world globe, and Hartmann Schedel, who wrote his World Chronicles (Schedelsche Weltchronik) in the local Franconian dialect.

Sculptors like Veit Stoss and Peter Vischer are also associated with Nuremberg.

Composed of prosperous artisans, the guilds of the Meistersingers flourished here. Richard Wagner made their most famous member, Hans Sachs, the hero of his opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. Baroque composer Johann Pachelbel was born here and was organist of St. Sebald church.

Nuremberg in winter.
Besarkan
Nuremberg in winter.

[Sunting] Main sights

The following churches are located inside the city walls: St. Sebald, St. Lorenz, Frauenkirche (Our Lady's Church), St. Klara, St. Martha, St. Jakob, St. Egidien, and St. Elisabeth. The church of the previous Katharienkloster is preserved as a ruin, the Cartause is integrated in the building of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum and the choir of the previous Franzikanerkirche is part of a modern building. The Walburga Chapel and the romanic "Doppelkapelle" (Chapel with two floors) are part of Nuremberg Castle.

The "Johannisfriedhof" containing many old graves (Albrecht Dürer, Willibald Pirckheimer, etc.) and the "Rochusfriedhof", or the Wöhrder Kirchhof, are near the Old Town.

There is also a medieval market just inside the city walls, selling hand crafted goods.


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[Sunting] Bandar berkembar

Diseluruh dunia, Nuremberg bandar berkembar dengan bandar berikut:

  • [[Image:Templat:Country flag alias Perancis|22x20px|Templat:Country alias Perancis]] - Nice, France semenjak 1954
  • [[Image:Templat:Country flag alias Poland|22x20px|Templat:Country alias Poland]] - Kraków, Poland semenjak 1979
  • [[Image:Templat:Country flag alias Macedonia|22x20px|Templat:Country alias Macedonia]] - Skopje, Macedonia semenjak 1982
  • United Kingdom - Glasgow, Great Britain semenjak 1985
  • [[Image:Templat:Country flag alias Nicaragua|22x20px|Templat:Country alias Nicaragua]] - San Carlos, Nicaragua semenjak 1985
  • Jerman - Gera, Thuringia (former GDR), semenjak 1988, diperbaharui 1997
  • [[Image:Templat:Country flag alias Czech Republic|22x20px|Templat:Country alias Czech Republic]] - Prague, Czech Republic semenjak 1990
  • [[Image:Templat:Country flag alias Ukraine|22x20px|Templat:Country alias Ukraine]] - Kharkov, Ukraine semenjak 1990
  • Imej:Flag of Israel (bordered).svg - Hadera, Israel since 1995
  • [[Image:Templat:Country flag alias People's Republic of China|22x20px|Templat:Country alias People's Republic of China]] - Shenzhen, China semenjak 1997
  • [[Image:Templat:Country flag alias Turkey|22x20px|Templat:Country alias Turkey]] - Antalya, Turkey semenjak 1997
  • [[Image:Templat:Country flag alias Greece|22x20px|Templat:Country alias Greece]] - Kavala, Greece semenjak 1998
  • [[Image:Templat:Country flag alias Amerika Syarikat|22x20px|Templat:Country alias Amerika Syarikat]] - Atlanta, USA semenjak 1998
  • Itali - Venice, Italy semenjak 1999

[Sunting] Daerah-daerah Nuremberg

Several old villages now belong to the city of Nuremberg, for example Großgründlach, Kraftshof, and Neunhof in the north-west; Altenfurt and Fischbach in the south-east; and Katzwang and Kornburg in the south. Langwasser is a modern suburb.

[Sunting] Famous denizens

Other famous denizens of the city include: Albrecht Dürer, Adam Kraft, Hans Behaim the Elder (architect), Hartmann Schedel, Anton Koberger, Conrad Paumann, Johann Philipp von Wurzelbauer, Hans Sachs, Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach and Max Morlock.

[Sunting] Lihat juga

  • Christkindlesmarkt
  • Nürnberger Bratwürste
  • Lebkuchen (gingerbread, specialty of Nuremberg)
  • Leni Riefenstahl
  • Nuremberg Toy Museum ("Spielzeugmuseum")
  • de:Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg (History of the City of Nuremberg, in German)
  • de:Germanisches Nationalmuseum (German)
  • Labour Exchange Headquarters ("Arbeitsamt", now "Agentur für Arbeit")
  • Norisring Racetrack, where Pedro Rodriguez died in 1971
  • List of mayors of Nuremberg
  • Nuremberg U-Bahn

[Sunting] Pautan luar

Lihat galeri mengenai: Nürnberg di Wikimedia Commons.

Templat:Germany districts bavaria