Tentera Afrika Selatan

From Wikipedia




Organisasi militari utama di Afrika Selatan adalah dikenali sebagai South African National Defence Force (SANDF). Organisasi ini bermula pada tahun 1994, selepas pilihan raya pasca Apartheid yang pertama dan penggubalan perlembagaan baru. Ia telah menggantikan South African Defence Force (SADF) yang wujud semasa era apartheid. and included personnel and equipment from the SADF and the former Homelands forces, as well as personnel from the former guerilla forces of some of the political parties involved in South Africa, such as the African National Congress's Umkhonto we Sizwe, the Pan Africanist Congress's APLA and the Self-Protection Units of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP).

As of 2004, the integration process was considered complete, with the integrated personnel having been incoporated into a slightly modified structure very similar to that of the SADF, with the latter's structure and equipment for the most part being retained.

The commander of the SANDF is appointed by the President from one of the armed services. The current commander is General Siphiwe Nyanda. He in turn is accountable to the Minister of Defence, currently Mosiuoa (Terror) Lekota.

Jadual isi kandungan

[Sunting] Pembabitan di luar negara

Recent peacekeeping actions on the behalf of the South African military include an invasion of Lesotho in order to restore the democratically elected government after a coup, as well as extensive contributions to the United Nations peacekeeping operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi. An operation to Sudan has just recently been started and is scheduled to be ramped up to Brigade strength in the next few months.

Afrika Selatan pernah memiliki senjata pemusnah besar-besaran termasuk senjata nuklear, tetapi longgokan senjata stockpile tersebut telah dimusnahkan selepas tamat era apartheid. Kini tiada lagi usaha untuk membina semula senjata nuklearnya.

The SANDF commander consults with members of several councils and committees and chairs the Defence Command Council (DCC), which oversees the defense budget. On the DCC are the four service chiefs, the chief of the National Defence Force staff, the military inspector general, the chiefs of defence headquarters staff divisions, and other key defense officials. Headquarters responsibilities are allocated among six staff divisions--the Finance Division, the Intelligence Division, the Logistics Division, the Joint Operations Division, the Personnel Division, and the Planning Division.

[Sunting] SANDF dalam abad ke-21

Recently a large-scale programme was launched to re-equip the SANDF, with warships and submarines being purchased in Germany and fighter jets being purchased in Sweden and the United Kingdom. This programme has been controversial due to its great cost and reports of corruption in the awarding of contracts.

Issues that face the SANDF include a severe shortage of pilots and naval combat officers, due to the replacement of white officers from the former SADF with appointments from the old liberation forces. Besides a loss of trained personnel and the decommissioning of much needed equipment due to funding issues, high HIV-rates amongst personnel and some of the oldest infantry soldiers in the world raises questions regarding the current fighting efficiency of the SANDF. Some of these issues are being addressed with inter alia the introduction of the Military Skills Development (MDC) program as well as aggressive recruitment and training programs by the Reserve Force Regiments.

[Sunting] Bahagian Militari Afrika Selatan

Militari Afrika Selatan terdiri dari:

  • South African Army
  • South African Air Force
  • South African Navy
  • South African Medical Service

[Sunting] Tentera Darat

[Sunting] Tentera Udara

Tentera udara negara memiliki beberapa jet penyerang seperti:

  • SAABs JAS-39 Gripen
  • Hawk Mk 120 LIFT (Ogos 2005)

[Sunting] Tentera Laut

Buat masa ini, Tentera Laut Afrika Selatan South African Navy sedang membina fleet dengan pembelian dari negara Jerman empat patrol corvette baru dan tiga kapal selam. Three strike craft, three mine countermeasure vessels, an auxiliary vessel and several smaller craft are still in service.