उटो-एज्टेक्यान भाषातः
विकिपिडिया नं
उटो-एज्टेक्यान भाषातः अमेरिकी मूलयागु भाषा खः। थ्व भाषातः अमेरिकाय् दक्ले बांलाक्क स्थापित जुगु भाषाय् छगु खः।
धलः |
[सम्पादन] पुलां भाय् यागु भाषिक गुण
[सम्पादन] सः
न्यागु सः खने दु: *i *a *u *o *ɨ।
[सम्पादन] व्यञ्जन
Bilabial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Labialized velar |
Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stop | *p | *t | *k | *kʷ | *ʔ | |
Affricate | *c | |||||
Fricative | *s | *h | ||||
Nasal | *m | *n | *ŋ | |||
Rhotic | *r | |||||
अर्ध सः | *y | *w |
[सम्पादन] उत्तरी उटो-एज्टेक्यान
न्युमिक भाषा
- पश्चिम न्युमिक
- मोनो भाषा
- उत्तरी Paiute भाषा
- मध्य न्युमिक
- Comanche
- Shoshone
- Panamint (Koso, Timbisha)
- दक्षिणी न्युमिक
- Kawaiisu
- दक्षिणी Paiute
- Ute, Chemehuevi
Takic (Southern California Shoshone)
- Cupan
- Cahuilla
- Cupeño
- Luiseño (Juaneño)
- Gabrielino † (Tongva, Fernandeño)
- Tataviam †
- Serran
- Kitanemuk †
- Serrano
Tubatulabal (Kern River)
Hopi
[सम्पादन] दक्षिणी उटो-एज्टेक्यान
Sonoran*
- पिमान भाषा
- O'odham (Upper Piman, Pima, Papago)
- Pima Bajo (Lower Piman, Mountain Pima)
- Tepehuán language
- उत्तरी Tepehuan
- दक्षिणी Tepehuan
- दक्षिण-पूर्वी Tepehuán
- दक्षिण-पश्चिमी Tepehuán
- Tepecano†
- Taracahitic
- Tarahumaran
- Guarijío
- Tarahumara
- Tubar †
- Opatan
- Ópata †
- Eudeve †
- Cahita
- मायो भाषा
- याकुइ भाषा
- Tarahumaran
- Corachol (Coran)
- Huichol
- Cora
Aztecan (Nahuatl, Nahuan)
- Pochutec (Pochutla) †
- साधारण एज्टेक
- Nahuatl (Aztec)
- मध्य भाषिका: Classical Nahuatl,
- Peripheral भाषिका: Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl, Durango,
- Pipil (Nawat)
- Nahuatl (Aztec)
† = लोप
*The Sonoran grouping including the Piman, Taracahitan and Coracholan subgroups is not accepted as constituting an actual subbranch by all scholars.
The term Aztecoidan refers to Alden Mason's sub-grouping of the Aztecan and Corachol branches.
[सम्पादन] श्रोत
- Campbell, Lyle. 1979. Middle American languages. In The Languages of Native America: Historical and Comparative Assessment, edited by Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun, pp. 902-1000. University of Texas Press, Austin.
- Campbell, Lyle. 1997. American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford University Press.
- Goddard, Ives. (1996). Introduction. In Languages, edited by Ives Goddard, pp. 1-16. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Vol. 17. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
- Miller, Wick R. 1983. Uto-Aztecan languages. In Southwest, edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 113-124. Handbook of North American Indians. William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Vol. 10. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
- Mithun, Marianne. 1999. The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
- Steele, Susan. 1979. Uto-Aztecan: An assessment for historical and comparative linguistics. In The Languages of Native America: Historical and Comparative Assessment, edited by Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun, pp. 444-544. University of Texas Press, Austin.
- Súarez, Jorge. 1983. The Mesoamerican Indian Languages. Cambridge University Press.