زړه

From Wikipedia

زړه او سږي، د Gray's Anatomy د زاړه چاپ کتاب نه.
زړه او سږي، د Gray's Anatomy د زاړه چاپ کتاب نه.

زړه يو موټ ته ورته عضلي اورګان دی چې په بدن کې د يوه پمپ حيثيت لري. دا غړی رګونو ته د وينې د پمپولو دنده ترسره کوي. وينه د زړه د پرله پسې رېتميک غونجېدلو په پايله کې نورو رګونو ته ورځي. په انيلايډونو، مولاسکونو او آرتروپوډونو ژونديو کې همداسې زړه ته ورته يو جوړښت دا کار ترسره کوي.[1] د cardiac يا کارډياک وييکه (لکه د cardiology يا کارډيولوژي) د "زړه پورې اړوند يا زړه ته اړوند" مانا لري، دا وييکه د آر له مخې د يوناني لغت καρδία، کارډيا، نه راوتلې چې د "زړه" په مانا ده. زړه د کارډياک عضلو نه جوړ شوی، د کارډياک عضلې يو ډول غېرداوطلبانه عضلي نسجونه دي چې يواځې په همدغه اورګان کې موندل کېږي. [2]

نيوليک

[سمادول] Early development

Template:بشپړه ليکنه

Image:EHR-BBII.jpg
د انسان زړه د حاملګۍ يا بلاربوالي نه ۲۱ ورځې وروسته د لومړي ځل لپاره په وينې پمپولو پيل کوي.

انساني زړه د يوه کس د ژوند په مهال کې په منځنۍ کچه له ۲،۵ بيليون وار نه هم ډېر درزېږي. د انسان زړه د حاملګۍ يا بلاربوالي نه ۲۱ ورځې وروسته د لومړي ځل لپاره په وينې پمپولو پيل کوي او يا هم د وروستي حيض نه پينځه اوونۍ وروسته، عموماً دا هغه وخت وي چې د زېږون نېټه پکې اټکل کېږي. پدې وخت کې د ماشوم زړه او د مور د زړه د پمپولو کچه يو شان وي، چې سمه کچه يې د ۷۵ نه تر ۸۰ درزا په يو دقيقه کې اټکل کېږي. خو د مور په نس کې د جنين د زړه درزا د وخت په تېرېدو سره چټکه کېږي چې په لويه کچه د ۱۶۵ نه تر ۱۸۵ درزا په يوه دقيقه پورې رسېږي. دا هغه مهال پېښېږي کله چې د بلاربوالي نه اووه اوونۍ تېرې شوي وي چې د وروستي حېض نه د ۹ اوونيو د تېرېدو مودې سره سمون خوري. نو په همدې توګه مونږ ويلای شو چې د هرې ورځې د تېرېدو وروسته، د زړه درزا ۳،۳ ځله په يوه دقيقه کې ډېرېږي. او يا په بل ډول د هر درې ورځو وروسته د زړه درزا د لومړۍ ځل په پرتله په يوه دقيقه کې ۱۰ درزا ډېره شوې وي چې د يوې مياشتې د تېرېدو سره سره د ماشوم د زړه چټکي په يوه دقيقه کې ۱۰۰ درزا ته رسېږي.[3]

After peaking at about 9.2 weeks after the LMP, it decelerates to about 150 BPM (+/-25 BPM) during the 15th week after the LMP. After the 15th week the deceleration slows reaching an average rate of about 145 (+/-25 BPM) BPM at term. The regression formula which describes this acceleration before the embryo reaches 25 mm in crown-rump length or 9.2 LMP weeks is:

Age in days = EHR(0.3)+6

See: Embryonic Heart Rates Compared in Assisted and Non-Assisted Pregnancies

There is no difference in male and female heart rates before birth.[4]

[سمادول] جوړښت

Anterior (frontal) view of the opened heart. Arrows indicate normal blood flow. Image provided courtesy of www.3dscience.com.
Anterior (frontal) view of the opened heart. Arrows indicate normal blood flow. Image provided courtesy of www.3dscience.com.

In the human body, the heart is usually situated to the left of the middle of the thorax, underneath the breastbone (see diagrams). The heart is usually felt to be on the left side because the left heart (left ventricle) is stronger (it pumps to all body parts). The left lung is smaller than the right lung because the heart occupies more of the left hemithorax. The heart is enclosed by a sac known as the pericardium and is surrounded by the lungs. The pericardium is a double membrane structure containing a serous fluid to reduce friction during heart contractions. The mediastinum, a subdivision of the thoracic cavity, is the name of the heart cavity.

The apex is the blunt point situated in an inferior (pointing down and left) direction. A stethoscope can be placed directly over the apex so that the beats can be counted. It is located posterior to the 5th intercostal space in the left mid-clavicular line. In normal adults, the mass of the heart is 250-350 g (9-12 oz), or about three fourths the size of a clenched fist, but extremely diseased hearts can be up to 1000 g (2 lb) in mass due to hypertrophy. It consists of four chambers, the two upper atria (singular: atrium ) and the two lower ventricles. On the left is a picture of a fresh human heart which was removed from a 64-year-old British male.

انساني زړه
انساني زړه

The function of the right side of the heart (see right heart) is to collect de-oxygenated blood, in the right atrium, from the body and pump it, via the right ventricle, into the lungs (pulmonary circulation) so that carbon dioxide can be dropped off and oxygen picked up (gas exchange). This happens through a passive process called diffusion. The left side (see left heart) collects oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium. From the left atrium the blood moves to the left ventricle which pumps it out to the body. On both sides, the lower ventricles are thicker and stronger than the upper atria. The muscle wall surrounding the left ventricle is thicker than the wall surrounding the right ventricle due to the higher force needed to pump the blood through the systemic circulation.

The blood flows through a system, starting in the right atrium, the blood flows to the tricuspid valve, then to the right ventricles that pump blood out, to the pulmonary semilunar valve [psv], and on to the pulmonary artery which delivers blood to the lungs. From there, blood flows back to the pulmonary vein to the left atrium, then the bicuspid valve, and to the left ventricle, then on to the aortic semilunar valve. Then the blood "forks off" and is delivered to the rest of the body through the aorta, then the arteries, to the arterioles, and to capillaries where they go back to the heart to the venules, to the veins, to the inferior/superior vena cava, and starts all over again.

The heart is effectively a syncytium, a meshwork of cardiac muscle cells interconnected by contiguous cytoplasmic bridges. This relates to electrical stimulation of one cell spreading to neighboring cells.

[سمادول] لومړۍ مرسته

See cardiac arrest for emergencies involving the heart

If a person is encountered in cardiac arrest (no heartbeat), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be started, and help called. If an automated external defibrillator is available, this device may automatically administer defibrillation if this is indicated. Usually, if there is enough time, the victim can be rushed to the hospital where he or she will be cared for by a cardiologist, a doctor who specializes in the heart and lungs.

[سمادول] د خواړو په توګه کارونه

په ډېرو هېوادونو کې د بېلابېلو ژويو لکه د چرګ، پسه، غوا، غوايي، او نورو زړونه د خواړو په توګه کارول کېږي. They are counted among offal, but being a muscle, the taste of heart is like regular meat. It resembles venison in structure and taste.

[سمادول] زړه د سمبول په توګه

Template:Details The heart was historically seen by some as the seat of the soul and the organ responsible for human thought. The Romans for example noticed that emotions often corresponded with changing heart rates such as fear, love and excitement. It is now known that the heart has nothing to do with thought or love, people still carry on using the term "heart" metaphorically when talking about love. When used in this metaphorical sense, the heart is often illustrated as an icon ().

The term "heart" can also refer to the core or center of anything e.g. "The heart of the matter".

The ancient Aztec civilization used the heart as a sacrificial token during the sacrifice of a human being. The priest used a stone knife to cut into the thoracic cavity and remove the heart, upon which it would be placed on a stone altar as an offering to the gods. The greatest sacrifice under the reign of Montezuma involved the removal of the hearts of over 12,000 enemy soldiers.

There has been some recent research on the Cellular memory of the heart, particularly with heart transplant patients.[5][6] This study shows how the heart contains thinking and memory skills, interacting heavily with the brain. This, though, is not widely accepted by the scientific community.

[سمادول] سرچينې

  1. Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary. KMLE Medical Dictionary Definition of heart..
  2. Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary. KMLE Medical Dictionary Definition of cardiac.
  3. http://www.obgyn.net/us/us.asp?page=/us/cotm/0001/ehr2000
  4. Terry J. DuBose http://www.obgyn.net/english/pubs/features/dubose/ehr-age.htm Sex, Heart Rate and Age]
  5. Sylvia, Claire (1997). A Change of Heart. New York, New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-82149-7.
  6. Pearsall, Doctor Paul; et alii (1999). The Heart's Code. New York, New York: Broadway Books. ISBN 0-7679-9942-8.

[سمادول] دا هم وګورۍ

  • Artificial heart
  • Atrium
  • Blood pressure
  • Cardiology
  • Cardiothoracic Surgery
  • Cardiovascular pathology
  • Circulatory system
  • Echocardiography
  • Electrical conduction system of the heart
  • Haemodynamics
  • Heart cancer
  • Heart defects
  • Heart rate
  • Heart transplantation
  • Heart valve
  • Human anatomy
  • Pulse
  • Ventricle
  • Aorta
  • Ventricular hypertrophy
  • Holiday heart syndrome
  • Circle map — simplified mathematical model of the beating heart.
  • MUGA scan
  • Cardiac stress test

[سمادول] باندنۍ تړنې

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