اېنډوسکوپي
From Wikipedia
اېنډوسکوپي د مېنځ کتنې مانا لري او په ټولګړي توګه دا هغه کړنه ده چې په دې کې د طبي موخو لپاره د انسان د منځني غړو کتنې لورې اشاره ده. دا کتنه د يوې طبي آلې په مرسته چې د اېنډوسکوپ په نامه يادېږي ترسره کېږي. په انجينرۍ کې هم د بوروسکوپ په مرسته د ناليدونکو تخنيکي کړنو حالت لوري ته اېنډوسکوپي وايي. په داسې کړنو کې هغه تخنيکي سامانونه چې د سترګو د ليدلو وړ نه وي نو د اېنډوسکوپۍ له لورې يې کتنه کېږي او بيا غوښتلې انجينري پرې سر ته رسي.
نيوليک |
[سمادول] کتنه
اېنډوسکوپي يوه لږ خپرېدونکې تشخيصي طبي کړنه ده چې د بدن د منځنيو غړو د سطحو د کتنې لپاره بدن کې د يوه نلکې په ننوېستلو سره ترسره کېږي. دا آله يوه کلکه او يا هم کږېدونکې تيوب لري او يواځې داسې انځورونه جوړوي چې د طبي کتنې او طبي زده کړو په موخه د عکاسۍ لپاره هم کارېږي، خو ددې آلې په مرسته بيوپسي هم اخېستل کېږي او د مشکوکو غړو او نورو برخو څارنه او موندنه هم پرې ترسره کېږي. اېنډوسکوپي د لږ خپرېدونکې جراحۍ يوه اهمه وسيله ده.
Many endoscopic procedures are considered to be relatively painless and, at worst, associated with mild discomfort. Most patients tolerate the procedure with only topical anaesthesia of the oropharynx using lignocaine spray (Source: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, Wikipedia). [citation needed] Complications are rare (only 5% of all operations)[citation needed] but can include perforation of the organ under inspection with the endoscope or biopsy instrument. If that occurs open surgery may be required to repair the injury.
[سمادول] د اېنډوسکوپ برخې
يو اېنډوسکوپ له لاندينيو برخو جوړ شوی
- يو کلک او کږېدونکی او تاوېدونکی کوپۍ
- a light delivery system to illuminate the organ or object under inspection. The light source is normally outside the body and the light is typically directed via an optical fiber system
- a lens system transmitting the image to the viewer from the fiberscope
- an additional channel to allow entry of medical instruments or manipulators
[سمادول] کارېدنه
د اېنډوسکوپي نه يواځې د طبي چارو لپاره محدوده ده، ددې په مرسته ډېر څه کتل کېږي چې ځينې يې دا دي
- د معدې او کولمې يا ګاسټرو انټېسټېنال لاره (GI لاره):
- د خوړلو مرۍ، معده او د کولمې پورتنۍ برخه (اېسوفېجوګاسټروډيوډېنوسکوپي)
- وړه کولمه
- کولون (کولونوسکوپي،پروکټوسېګمويډوسکوپي)
- د تريخې نلکه
- انډوسکوپيک رېټروګرېډ کولېنجيوپانکرياټوګرافي (ERCP), ډويېډونوسکوپ-مرستندويه cholangiopancreatoscopy, intraoperative cholangioscopy
- د ساه نلکه
- پزه (راينوسکوپي)
- د ساه اخيستنې لاندنۍ برخه (برونکوسکوپي)
- د متيازو لاره (سيسټوسکوپي)
- د ښځينه زېږندويه غونډال
- د مهبل غاړه يا سروېکس (کولپوسکوپي)
- د زېلانځي (هيسټېروسکوپي)
- د فالوپاين تيوبونو (فالوسکوپي)
- Normally closed body cavities (through a small incision):
- The abdominal or pelvic cavity (laparoscopy)
- The interior of a joint (arthroscopy)
- Organs of the chest (thoracoscopy and mediastinoscopy)
- During pregnancy
- The amnion (amnioscopy)
- The fetus (fetoscopy)
- Plastic Surgery
- Non-medical uses for endoscopy
- The planning and architectural community have found the endoscope useful for pre-visualization of scale models of proposed buildings and cities (architectural endoscopy)
- Internal inspection of complex technical systems (borescope)
- Endoscopes are also a tool helpful in the examination of improvised explosive devices by bomb disposal personel
[سمادول] تاريخ
The first endoscope, of a kind, was developed in 1806 by Philip Bozzini with his introduction of a "Lichtleiter" (light conductor) "for the examinations of the canals and cavities of the human body". However, the Vienna Medical Society disapproved of such curiosity. An endoscope was first introduced into a human in 1822 by William Beaumont, an army surgeon at Mackinac Island, Michigan[citation needed]. The use of electric light was a major step in the improvement of endoscopy. The first such lights were external. Later, smaller bulbs became available making internal light possible, for instance in a hysteroscope by David in 1908[citation needed]. Jacobeus has been given credit for early endoscopic explorations of the abdomen and the thorax with laparoscopy (1912) and thoracoscopy (1910)[citation needed]. Laparoscopy was used in the diagnosis of liver and gallbladder disease by the German Heinz Kalk in the 1930s[citation needed]. Hope reported in 1937 on the use of laparoscopy to diagnose ectopic pregnancy[citation needed]. In 1944, Raoul Palmer placed his patients in the Trendelenburg position after gaseous distention of the abdomen and thus was able to reliably perform gynecologic laparoscopy[citation needed].
For diagnostic endoscopy Basil Hirschowitz invented a superior glass fiber for flexible endoscopes. The technology resulted in not only the first useful medical endoscope, but the invention revolutionized other endoscopic uses and led to practical fiber optics[citation needed].
Surgery, as well as examination, did not begin until the late 1970s and then only with young and 'healthy' patients. By 1980, laparoscopy training was required by gynecologists to perform tubal ligation procedures and diagnostic evaluations of the pelvis. The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 1984 and the first video-laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1987[citation needed]. During the 1990s, laparoscopic surgery was extended to the appendix, spleen, colon, stomach, kidney, and liver[citation needed]. Wireless capsule endoscopy is an emerging technology and is awaiting FDA approval.[1]
[سمادول] وېرې
د اېنډوسکوپي د کارولو سره دغه لاندينې وېرې شته دي
- د نورو غړو انتانيت
- د غړو سوری کېدنه
- Allergic reactions due to Contrast agents or dyes (such as those used in a CT scan)
- Over-sedation
[سمادول] اوسني پرمختګونه
With the application of robotic systems, telesurgery was introduced as the surgeon could operate from a site physically removed from the patient. The first transatlantic surgery has been called the Lindbergh Operation.
[سمادول] دا هم وګورۍ
- انجيوګرافي
- فېبروسکوپ
- روبوټيکه جراحي
[سمادول] سرچينې
- Siegler AM, Kemmann E: Hysteroscopy. Obstet Gynecol Survey 30:567-88, 1975.
- Armin Gärtner; medical technics and information technologie, Band II. Medizintechnik und Informationstechnologie, Band II. ISBN 3-8249-0941-3.
[سمادول] باندنۍ تړنې
- د DAVE پروژه، د ويډيويي زده کړې ګڼيالي اطلس (Digital Atlas of Video Education) - ګاسټرواېنټېرولوجي
- Global Rating Scale, GRS - Quality Assurance for Endoscopy